Prevenção à violência contra a mulher por parceiro íntimo na Rede de Atenção Básica em Saúde de Cuiabá-MT

Abstract

Violence against women is considered a social and health problem that causes multiple damages to the victim and, in most cases, the violence is practiced by her intimate partner. This problem constitutes new challenges to the practice of professionals in the Unified Health System, especially in Primary Care. Confronting violence against women requires prevention actions from the health sector aimed at recognizing violence and overcoming the factors that maintain and legitimize it. Given the need and importance of carrying out such actions, this research aimed to understand the practices of preventing violence against women by an intimate partner within the scope of Primary Health Care. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology was used, with critical discourse analysis from Bakhtin's perspective using a methodological framework to analyze the results. For the production of data, firstly, a mapping of the Basic Health Units in the city of Cuiabá-MT was carried out, in which 25 UBS were visited and 9 met the criteria for carrying out this study. Nine health professionals from the ESF participated in this study, interviewed through a semi-structured script, which included questions about the activities to prevent violence against women carried out at the UBS. This study was approved by the CEPhumanities and followed all the ethical norms established by Resolutions n. 466/2012 and no. 510/16 of the National Health Council. The results showed that violence against women by an intimate partner is part of the daily life of the FHS and that the actions aimed at these cases are characterized by welcoming, listening and strengthening the bond, in addition to guidance on forms of IPV and reporting channels. . The activities to prevent intimate partner violence against women were described as collective and individual actions, based mainly on guidance through lectures, group conversations and individual care in routine consultations. The resources used were considered scarce, as well as the low participation of health management. The results also revealed fear and unpreparedness of the participants to approach the theme. They stated that prevention actions are of great importance and recognized the need to carry out more actions for this purpose. It is therefore concluded that thinking about preventing violence against women by an intimate partner involves reflecting on deeper issues of social, political and economic construction, in order to better understand the origins of this phenomenon and, based on that, to position oneself critically and develop more effective actions. It is necessary to rethink the health model that has been implemented, breaking with the neoliberal way of promoting care is the challenge that is, for us, posed. It is therefore up to professionals, users and social organizations to face the challenge of providing ways, in a configuration consistent with the Brazilian reality, for the effective implementation of the necessary public health policies, on the way to producing health, as a means of defending life.