Parâmetros bioquímicos e citocinas no sangue de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 infectados com leishmaniose tegumentar americana

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to problems related to insulin secretion and/or action. Scientific literature has seen T2DM as an inflammatory disease, where cytokines seem to play a key role in terms of the pathogenesis and complications of the disease. It is known that diabetic patients are more susceptible to infections, which is possibly attributed to immune system abnormalities in these individuals. American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is an important anthropozoonosis for public health, both globally and locally, and it also presents classic aspects of inflammation in the development of its lesions. In this context, it is important to investigate immunological aspects when associating T2DM and LTA, aiming to know a little more about the inflammatory pathogenesis of these two diseases and the possible immunological repercussions arising from this process. Thus, this study aimed to correlate biochemical parameters with the levels of cytokines found in patients with T2DM infected by the protozoan Leishmania. For this, a crosssectional study was carried out between October 2019 and July 2020, conducted in the city of Barra do Garças – MT. Four experimental groups were defined: Group of non-diabetic patients without ATL (NDNL group), Group of patients with T2DM (T2DM group), Group of patients with ATL (ATL group) and Group of patients with ATL and T2DM (LTA+T2DM group). It was observed that TNF-α had a higher concentration in the LTA+T2DM group when compared to the T2DM group. Furthermore, the IL-12 cytokine, regardless of hyperglycemia and the presence of infection, had a higher concentration when compared to the NDNL group. IL-12 also showed a negative correlation with total cholesterol (TC), specifically in the group of greatest interest (LTA+DMT2 group). The results obtained reinforce the inflammatory character of the two diseases studied, drawing attention to the development of clinical practices that are increasingly effective in addressing these diseases.