Potencial biotecnológico de macro basidiomicetos no processo de produção de mudas de tomate e controle de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, agente causal do mofo branco

Abstract

The technologies applied in fungiculture can be one of the alternatives implemented in areas close to agro-industries. The cultivation and agroindustry of palm oil (palm oil) generate large amounts of waste and effluents, which can be used as raw material in other production processes associated with macromycetes as a way of generating income and mitigating environmental impacts. Based on the perspective of expansion of fungiculture and generation of residues by oil palm cultivation, the objective was to carry out experiments with macromycetes and oil palm residues to develop a substrate for the production of tomato seedlings, test a tomato co-cultivation system and mushrooms and finally to select and evaluate the potential of macromycetes to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results obtained through the literature review demonstrate the great potential of these macrofungi in different areas, from industry to the agricultural sector. Tests for the development of substrates for seedling production, for example, can highlight the high potential for inducing germination and growth, increasing the shelf life of seedlings in the substrate inoculated with A. bisporus + palm residues, while in the co-cultivation of tomato and mushrooms, it was evident the good yields of each culture, anticipated the reproductive phase in tomato, increasing the reproductive cycle of the mushroom to 120 days. Of the 17 fermented macrofungi tested for S. sclerotiorum suppression, the fungi O. canarii and L. arvalis show for the first time excellent sources of antifungal metabolites capable of inhibiting the growth of the mycelium of S. sclerotiorum, totally or partially. The high antifungal activity of O. canarii BRM-044600 supernatant was probably due to the probable presence of chemical compounds such as strobilurins. In general, it can be said that some macromycetes have great potential in the generation of bioproducts and bioinputs for the agro-industrial sector.