Qualidade de vida e estresse ocupacional de professores durante pandemia da covid-19

Abstract

The relationship between health, quality of life and work has been addressed in recent decades by different areas of scientific knowledge and are topics of extreme relevance for both individuals and society. The teaching category has been drawing attention in recent years to a high number of health problems and consequent absenteeism associated with the exercise of the profession. Mental and psychological, ergonomic and lifestyle-related problems are frequently reported in studies of the category. A high prevalence of problems related to the mental health of these professionals has drawn attention in recent years, where stress becomes relevant. Adding to this scenario, the COVID-19 pandemic hit countries in late 2019 and 2020 and the measures to try to mitigate the spread of the virus directly impacted the teacher's work processes, forcing a quick adaptation to telework or work remote. This situation can impact the teacher's quality of life and worsen occupational stress levels. Objective: To analyze the quality of life and occupational stress of teachers in the Municipal Public Network of Cuiabá during the period of remote work imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was carried out with teachers from the municipal school system in Cuiabá/MT. Data were obtained through self-administered questionnaires, using the Google Forms® tool, containing questions related to socio-demographic, work, quality of life and occupational stress data. Results: 113 teachers from the municipal school system in Cuiabá answered the questionnaires, predominantly aged over 40 years (65.49%; n=74). There is a predominance of female participants (86.73%; n=98), married/living with other people (61.06%; n=69) and with postgraduate education (specialization) (79.65%; n=90). Regarding work characteristics, (49.56%; n=56) worked between 31 and 40 hours a week. The General Quality of Life inferred by the teachers was (62.98). Regarding the domains of quality of life, "Psychological" had the best evaluation (68.62), followed by "Physical" (67.56) and "Social relations" (60.25), while "Environment" obtained the lowest score (56.64) Regarding occupational stress, it was observed that (53%; n=60) of the teachers reported their work as low demand, (61%; n=69) and low control (51 %; n=57) reported low support. As for the demand-control quadrants, they classified their work as high strain (35%; n=40) and (27%; n=31) as low strain. However, it is worth considering that (26%; n=29) classified it as passive work and to a lesser extent as active (12%; n=13) Conclusion: The teaching category has historically suffered from health problems due to the conditions and characteristics of work, despite the changes social and work caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the sample of teachers surveyed showed good levels of Quality of Life even with a high number of work-related psychosocial stressors.