Pobreza na América Latina na atual configuração de crise do capital : uma análise dos relatórios da CEPAL e Banco Mundial entre os anos de 2010 e 2021

Abstract

Faced with the complexity of the events and articulations that occurred in the first decades of the 21st century, this research sought to analyze the deepening of poverty and social inequality in the face of the contradictions of bourgeois society at a time of growing polarization of wealth in Latin America. In this sense, it proposes to analyze how the World Bank and ECLAC have presented poverty and social inequality in Latin America between the years 2010 and 2021. And as specific objectives, it intends to identify the concept of poverty appropriated by the World Bank and ECLAC in that period; analyze how these organizations present data on poverty and inequality in the period between 2010 and 2021; and identify how these organizations present the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences in the context of poverty and inequality in the region. Due to its objectives, it is possible to conclude that this is a theme of scientific and social relevance and with contours of originality, in particular, because it is a research that deals with dilemmas that arise as part of the current scenario, above all, because it extends its analysis issues inherent to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on work, poverty and social inequality as a whole. In its time frame from 2010 to 2021, the annual reports of the World Bank and the Social Panorama of Latin America published by ECLAC are explored, aiming to reach the debate on the deepening of poverty and inequality in Latin America, including, in the pandemic period. This direction was fundamental for the conceptual and methodological design of this study, which appropriated the resources of bibliographical research and the technique of content analysis, formulated by Laurence Bardin (2016). This allowed exploring from the historical characteristics of dependency in Latin America, through the study of the general law of capitalist accumulation and the process of social regression, to reaching the debate around the intensification of capitalism's efforts to keep its rate of profit untouched and appreciation of capital, as well as its consequent product: the deepening of poverty and inequality. Thus, the analyzes sought to overcome immediate and even mistaken interpretations that involve the dynamic complexity of the object of study. As a result, we point out that multilateral organizations operate to hide the determinations and contradictions of capitalist society, naturalizing and legitimizing the domination of countries with a central economy over the region, in addition to disregarding and/or reversing the antagonisms inherent to the dependent capitalism that predominates in the region.