Práticas de sustentabilidade na construção civil : estudo de caso de uma residência com certificação GBC nível platina

Abstract

The civil construction is a relevant activity for the socioeconomic countries’ development. On the other hand, the construction of new buildings, reforms and demolitions place a high demand on natural resources while generating a large waste amount that pollutes the environment. In this scenario, efforts are being made around the world to minimize and mitigate the impacts of Civil Construction Waste (CCW), such as regulatory norms stablished and the sustainability practice in the sector. From this, in Brazil, the Civil Construction Waste Management Plan (PGRCC) was implemented as a tool and the Waste Hierarchy and the concepts of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R's) were also developed as strategies for the waste management. However, there are several factors that limit the practice of waste management. Given this scenario, this work developed two articles related to this subject. The first article, Chapter I, is a literature review about a national panorama of construction waste management, addressing important issues related to the topic. For this, national and international articles from the last ten years were selected from the Scielo, Science Direct and Periódicos Capes databases. The main conclusions of the review are: the regulatory norms in the country are neglected at most municipal, state and federal levels; waste management is not yet a priority for green buildings (sustainable buildings); PGRCC’s are not consolidated in several cities and there is a shortage of tools to make them more efficient and for the last, recycling, faces major challenges such as an incipient market and high transport costs. Because of this, efforts must be made by everyone involved in the area, at public and private levels, to reformulate, adjust, improve, qualify, coordinate, encourage and effectively monitor most of the aspects related to construction waste management in Brazil. The second article, Chapter II, presents the CCW management of the Ecohaus Mariscal Residence, a building certified by the Green Building Council (GBC) Brazil at the platinum level. The methodology consisted of: (1) elaboration of a Civil Construction Waste Management Plan, (2) quantification of waste generated, reused, recycled and discarded and (3) waste management monitoring from planning to final delivery of the residence. In the end, the reuse and recycling of 100% of the waste generated from Classes A, B and D, defined by CONAMA Resolution N°307/2002, was verified, representing 96.53%, by mass, of the total waste generated. Waste management with this level of reuse and recycling proved to be achievable and it can be concluded that the measures used are practicable and compatible with most residential constructions.