Tijolos solo-cimento com a adição de rejeitos de mineração (calcário) e pó do endocarpo de baru

Abstract

Tailings dams are known to cause significant environmental impacts, including water pollution, dust generation, and visual disturbances. The solid waste within these structures typically remains indefinitely unless reused, exacerbating environmental concerns. This study aims to evaluate the technical and environmental feasibility of incorporating limestone mining tailings and baru powder into the production of soil-cement bricks. The primary goal is to enhance their physical and mechanical properties while offering a sustainable alternative for waste disposal. The research followed a quantitative and experimental methodology, involving the physicochemical characterization of materials, the development of different material compositions, and the execution of tests to measure compressive strength, water absorption, and durability. Results revealed that the addition of mining tailings and baru powder significantly improved brick performance. The modified bricks achieved an average compressive strength of 0.98 MPa at 28 days and 1.04 MPa at 40 days, reflecting an increase of 172.22% and 173.68%, respectively, compared to conventional bricks. Furthermore, water absorption decreased by 20.58%, indicating reduced porosity and enhanced durability. Despite these improvements, the compressive strength values remain below the minimum threshold of 2.0 MPa stipulated by NBR 8492/2013, underscoring the need for further optimization, such as increasing cement content or improving compaction techniques. Nevertheless, the study highlights the potential of mining tailings and baru powder to act as void fillers, creating denser and less porous bricks. In addition, these materials promote sustainability by repurposing industrial waste that would otherwise contribute to environmental degradation. The incorporation of limestone tailings and baru powder not only reduces industrial waste and its associated environmental impacts but also offers a viable solution for decreasing material porosity. While the findings demonstrate promising outcomes, additional refinements, such as higher cement content or increased incorporation of these materials, are required to fully comply with regulatory standards. In conclusion, the combination of limestone mining waste and baru powder presents a sustainable and economically viable alternative for the construction industry, contributing to the development of greener building materials.