Rastreabilidade do selênio na Bertholletia excelsa : seus caminhos e a biofortificação agronômica

Abstract

Due to the heterogeneity of selenium (Se) distribution across the globe, scenarios of micronutrient deficiency are worrying. Therefore, programs to supplement the diet of the population in many regions are necessary and care with speciation and inadequate dosage is the subject of research. The organic form is deprecated, so biofortification has gained strength as a strategy to overcome food shortages. The Amazonian Chestnut is a Se source for the producing countries and for the world that exports the almond. However, there are variations in the concentration of the element depending on the state of origin, because the plant needs to extract the nutrient from the soil and it is not equally bioavailable. Therefore, this Thesis intends to contribute to the understanding of the distribution of Se in the main producing Brazilian states and the difference in the accumulation of Se in the almond; as well as to agronomically biofortify the Amazonian Chestnut tree in soils that are deficient in this element. Through a review of the literature and metadata, it was possible to understand the importance of the Amazônia Nut for the bioeconomy of the Amazon Forest and, thus, explain the mapping of the crop on the globe, the main producing countries, price variations and issues related to export. chestnut; The last is mainly related to the distribution of selenium in the world and its implications. It is also intended to contribute to the understanding of the accumulation of selenium in the almond of the chestnut tree in the Amazon in the main producing states of the country, the main destinations and the amounts of selenium removed from Brazil to the world. Through the biofortification of Nuts in the Amazon, an experiment was carried out with a randomized block design, fertilizers containing selenate were applied in five doses (0; 5; 10; 20 and 40 g of Se) with four replications. After one year of application, soil samples (0-40 cm deep) and components of the Chestnut tree (branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds) were collected. Then they were analyzed according to the presence of Se and elements of the same chemical group. It was possible to conclude that the selenate doses contributed to the increase in the Se content in the parts of the Chestnut tree evaluated, but it was not enough to meet the population's daily intake need, so the study of the Se residual and/or should be continued. to build new research with higher doses of Se. In this way, it was possible to collaborate in clarifying the path of Se present in Amazonian Chestnuts, elucidating the great variability in its content and its exportation to the world.