Estudo filológico em jornais impressos (início do séc. XX) : marcas de intolerância religiosa

Abstract

This work guided by philological science, presents the results of research that addresses religious intolerance, prejudice, and racism against practitioners of African, Afro-Brazilian, Afro-Indigenous, and Spiritist religions (current nomenclature) in Mato Grosso at the beginning of the 20th century. As a research methodology, we based ourselves on the Method of Romance Philology, which, according to Bassetto (2001), is the one that considers the philological work that aims at the reconstruction of a text, total or partial, or the determination and clarification of some relevant aspect related to it. The research corpus consists of the newspapers A Cruz: "Organ of the Brazilian Social League of Mato Grosso" (1910-1969) and A Penna Evangélica: "We Preach Christ" (1928-1944). The choice of these two Mato Grosso periodicals is based on the premise of the numerous texts with the proposed theme for this work found in their editions. In the other newspapers that circulated during the same period, some did not address the researched context, and in others, there was no mention of the subject. The narrative of the religious practices exercised by non-Christians is characterized by aggressive and demoralizing words, which are the corpus of analysis. It is evident the vocabulary of these prints regarding the liturgical rituals of the adherents to other faith denominations, which have been subjugated since the colonial period as diabolical manifestations. The transcription of the texts showed that the habits of non-Christian religious practitioners fostered religious intolerance. The cultural and religious customs and traditions added to the African and Indigenous religious devotion were transmitted through orality, knowing that many of these peoples did not know how to read and write in the colonizer's language. The research work showed, through the analysis of the corpus, the continuous way in which non-Christians were relegated to the margins of a dominant society and allowed us to analyze the terms and expressions so that we could understand the struggle processes that the members of these Afro, Indigenous, and Spiritist devotions went through. It was also necessary to analyze the economic, political, and social aspects that the city of Cuiabá and the state of Mato Grosso went through in this temporal cut, to understand the content of the periodicals that circulated at the time. As a theoretical basis for this work, we based ourselves on Barreto (2014), Bassetto (1995), Bastide (2022), Bueno (1946), Cambraia (2005), Gonçalves (2018), Lima (2007), Maggie (1992), Said (2004), Silva (2006), Ximenes (2009), Verger (1999), Ferretti (2001), among others.