Fitossociologia, diversidade e similaridade entre fragmentos de cerrado stricto sensu sobre neossolos quartzarênicos órticos, nos municípios de Cuiabá e Chapada dos Guimarães, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil

Abstract

The study was conducted in the state of Mato Grosso, in two places, the first located in the the municipality of Cuiaba , Mato Grosso, Brazil and called Area 1 and the second located in the municipality of Chapada dos Guimarães called Area 2. The objective of this study was to characterize the arboreal stratum of the communities of cerrado, as richness, floristic, phytosociological structure and diversity; determine the similarity between cerrado fragments studied and compare them with respect to floristic, phytosociological structure and diversity. For this study, 30 plots were allocated in Area 1 and 32 plots in Area 2, all of them with size 20 m x 20 m (400 m²), with total 12,000 m² and 12,800 m², respectively in areas 1 and 2. The sampling adequacy was obtained based on the analysis of the curve through nonparametric Jackknife estimator, the diversity was calculated using the Shannon index, the equability across the Simpson index and the similarity of the areas was calculated using the Sorensen index. The species were arranged according to families recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III. Were found a total of 3139 individual trees belonging to 82 species among individuals with the diameter average the base (DAB) ≥ 5 cm, with only 8 species identified at genus. These species is distributed among 57 genera, 31 botanical families. The families that had the best representations in number of species were: Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Vochysiaceae, Apocynaceae, Annonaceae and Bignoniaceae. The species Qualea parviflora and Kielmeyera coriacea were present in all plots raised in cerrado fragment in Cuiabá, so had absolute frequency of 100%. The species Couepia grandiflora, Davilla elliptica and Qualea grandiflora were present in 93.75% of all parcels raised in Chapada of Guimarães. The diversity and the equability, respectively, by Shannon and Simpson indexes, were: 3.34 and 0.9520 in Area 1; 3.56 and 0.9559 in Area 2. The similarity between study areas showed 42% similarity by Sorensen index. The results confirmed that the Fabaceae, Myrtaceae and Vochysiaceae families are the most representative flora in cerrado of central Brazil.