Efeitos do exercício físico em ratas prenhes com diabete moderado : repercussões maternas, fetais, bioquímicas e imunológicas

Abstract

It is common the practice of exercise aiming diabetes control, including during pregnancy. However, the big question is the relation between the potential benefits and risks of exercise during pregnancy, whether or not complicated by maternal diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate maternal, fetal and immunological effects of the practice of physical exercise of moderate intensity after embryo implantation in pregnant rats with moderate diabetes. For the experiment, Wistar rats were mated to obtain newborns. Diabetes was induced in newborn 24 hours after birth by intravenous injection of Streptozotocin in a dose of 100 mg/kg. In adulthood (110 days) was performed oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to confirm the moderate diabetes. After confirmation of mild diabetes, rats were mated and randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups (minimum n of 13 animals/group): Control: non-diabetic pregnant rats with no physical training (sedentary); Exercise: non-diabetic pregnant rats subjected to physical training; Diabetic: diabetic pregnant rats without physical training; Diabetic Exercise: diabetic pregnant rats subjected to physical training. The moderate intensity exercise program of choice was swimming, practiced from the seventh day of pregnancy onwards. Weight, water and food consumption and blood glucose were assessed weekly, and on days 0 and 17 of pregnancy was performed OGTT. On the 21st day, the rats were anesthetized and the blood collected to evaluate immunological and biochemical parameters. The uterus was removed for assessment of reproductive performance. Fetuses were removed to assess external, visceral and skeletal anomalies. The exercise did not alter glycemic, biochemical, leukocyte profiles or ossification sites. Placental weight, placental efficiency and fetal weights were altered by exercise, as well as increased skeletal anomalies. In conclusion, exercise training during pregnancy caused placental dysfunction, which may have contributed to the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), characterized by reduced fetal weight and increased fetus classified as small for gestational age of pregnancy (SPA). Additionally, the increase in anomalies, caused by both the moderate diabetes and by moderate exercise, show the risks of both during pregnancy, and reinforce the importance of more exercise studies applied in the binomial diabetes and pregnancy