Desempenho termo físico e mecânico de argamassas de revestimento produzidas com resíduos sólidos poliméricos, minerais e vegetais

Abstract

With the recent publication of standard NBR 15575, the requirements of the characteristics of the materials used in the buildings have become more demanding so that they provide adequate habitability to the users. Thus, among the systems that need to be improved are the sealing panels, which may have their improved characteristics, especially regarding the level of thermal behavior. One way of modifying the performance of this system can be by improving its components, for example by modifying the composition of coating mortars, both in terms of the materials used in their production and the proportion between them. In addition to this technical demand, there is a strong environmental issue related to the mitigation of the environmental impacts caused by the growing generation of urban and industrial solid waste. Law 12305, which establishes the National Solid Waste Policy, includes as one of its principles "the recognition of reusable and recyclable solid waste as an economic good and of social value, which generates work and income and promotes citizenship" and the "Eco-efficiency by the compatibility between the provision of qualified goods and services that meet human needs", as promoters of quality of life and of reduction of environmental impact and of consumption natural resources. Based on these precepts, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and mechanical performance of coating mortars produced with polymeric, mineral and vegetal solid residues in partial substitution of natural sand. Among the solid urban and industrial wastes available in the Cuiabá region, it was decided to mix the mortars with solid residues of vegetable origin (rice straw and sawdust), of polymer origin (EPS, PET and rubber tires) and mineral origin (red ceramics, CDW and glass powder). Polymeric and mineral residues were used in contents of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% replacing the volume of natural sand and the vegetal residues in the contents of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The thermal, physical and mechanical characteristics of the mortars were studied and the evaluation of their performance was performed based on the requirements established by NBR 13281. From the results obtained, it was possible to identify the contents of solid vegetal, polymeric and mineral residues that can replace the sand and result in mortars with equivalent performance to those produced with conventional materials. It should be noted, however, that the same mortar may exhibit high performance in one standard requirement and low performance in another requirement. Therefore, the mortars studied were classified according to the use, considering the specific requirements for each application. It is therefore necessary to identify which requirement will be most important in the application or use of the coating and only then to choose the most suitable mortar.