Avaliação do grau de participação da cantinona na toxicidade e na atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante do extrato metanólico da Simaba ferruginea A. St. – Hil

Abstract

The Simaba ferruginea A. St.-Hil plant. (Simaroubaceae), popularly known as the doll is typically a sub tropical bush, which has in its composition the cantinone alkaloid. The cantinone is an alkaloid belonging to the subclass β-carbonyl indole alkaloids, is presented in dark yellow color, soluble and photosensitive. This study evaluates the cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of cantinone. For the toxicity test, the cell viability and cytotoxicity assays CHO-k1 and RAW 264.7 cells by the method of alamar blue were performed. Were used 6 strains of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Helicobacter pylori), 5 strains of gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subitilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus), 5 strains of yeast (Candida albicans, Candida albicans fluconazole-resistant, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis) and 6 strains of filamentous fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus terreus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum). To study the antimicrobial activity assays were performed disk diffusion and broth microdilution assessing the inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); to assess the mechanism of antibacterial action mechanism assays antibiosis outer membrane permeability, efflux of potassium and leakage nucleotide were used; to evaluate the antifungal activity assays ergosterol, sorbitol and Neurospora crassa were performed; the antioxidant activity was determined by assaying the capture of the radical DPPH, NO and capture the radical captures the radical hydrogen peroxide. In the cytotoxicity assay the toxicity EMSf introduced into CHO-k1, cantinone already showed no toxicity for both tested cell. The cantinone showed antifungal activity for all tested strains with MIC ranges of 3.12 to 25 mg/mL and inhibition zones ranges from 10 to 35.5. No activity against other bacterial strains nor the formation of halos of inhibition was observed. The cantinone presented fungicide front sensitive and resistant strains, crossed the membrane rich in ergosterol, caused no damage to fungal hyphae and formed clear halos type, ie cantinone has the same pharmacological activity as compared to fluconazole. The antibacterial action EMSf presented demonstrating that it effectively breaking the wall and bacterial cell membrane leakage occurring nucleotides. In the evaluation of the antioxidant activity and the EMSf cantinona showed low activity for the tested models. The results indicate that cantinona presents a great spectrum of antifungal action pointing action and its possible mode thus confirming its high toxic activity.