Avaliação microclimática e de conforto térmico em parques urbanos com corpos hídricos na cidade de Cuiabá-MT

Abstract

In the midst of growing urbanization, studying urban parks has been increasingly frequent, as planning, restructuring and/or building these types of open environments in an appropriate way, can help mitigate the microclimate impacts on people's quality of life. In this context, the objective of the work was to evaluate the microclimate and the thermal comfort in urban parks with water bodies in the city of Cuiabá-MT. To such, Parque das Águas (PA) and Parque Tia Nair (PTN) were chosen as the study area and during the months of November 2017 to October 2018, the variables air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and surface temperature, were collected by mobile transect. For validation criteria, the fixed meteorological station, belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), was used. Together, the morphological aspects, such as the Sky Vision Factor (FVC) and the soil cover of each park, were evaluated and correlated to the microclimate, using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Lastly, thermal comfort was estimated by the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), enjoying the RayMan Pro 3.1 Beta software. In the PA, considering the hot-humid and hot-dry periods respectively, the thermal amplitude was 15.0 °C and 17.1 °C, the hygrometric amplitude of 14.0 % and 33.0 %, with the wind varying from calm to light breeze and the asphalt, which obtained the highest surface temperatures, ranged from 26.0 to 52.6 °C. In relation to PTN and beneath the same conditions, the thermal amplitude was 15.9 °C and 18.4 °C, the hygrometric amplitude of 15.8 % and 36.9 %, with the wind also varying from calm to light breeze and the asphalt, in a similar way, varied from 30.1 to 55.0 °C. The FVC did not correlate with the microclimate, differently from the soil cover, which besides being correlated, obtained statistically significant correlations. The estimation of thermal comfort by UTCI proved to be adequate for the parks in Cuiabá. However, the percentages obtained at 2 pm were unfavorable, indicating the need for bioclimatic strategies to mitigate the effects of the local microclimate. From this perspective, the importance of this type of search is reinforced, as it serves as a tool to help managers in the planning, restructuring or construction of new, efficiently appropriate urban parks.