Sistemas de cultivo sobre as características agronômicas e qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja

Abstract

The productivity, seed physiological quality and the disease management in soybeans are highly influenced by the production environment. Therefore, the main objective is to measure the effect of seeding systems and the soil preparation on the agronomic characteristics of soybeans, the seed physiological quality and the Asian rust development. The experiment was developed in the experimental area of the Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute at Federal University of Mato Grosso State. The experimental design was randomly blocking, arranged in 3x3 lines, corresponded to soil management and seeding systems, with four repetitions. The soil management used was the conventional, reduced tillage and no-till system and the seeding form were dense seeding, conventional and in crossed lines. The variables analyzed were: severity and the number of postulates per cm2 of the Asian rust; plant height at flowering, maturation and first pod insertion; Chlorophyll rate; plant lodging; number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pods; seed size; the weight of a thousand seeds; productivity; percentage of greenish seeds; vigor and viability. The crossed lines and dense seeding favored higher Asian rust development. The soil management systems and seeding influenced plant height during flowering, maturation and first pod insertion, pods number per plant and the percentage of pods with three grains, the percentage of seeds retained by 6,00 mm sieve and greenish seeds, and grain productivity. The no-till farming linked with dense seeding provided to soybean plants desirable characteristics, obtaining a higher productivity. The physiological quality of the seeds was not influenced by the cultivation systems.