Avaliação do perfil glicêmico e imunológico de ratas expostas ao diabete moderado intrautero e submetidas à dieta hiperlipídica no período pós-natal

Abstract

Modifications occurred during intrauterine life are capable of influence both the embryofetal development and the adult life of the offspring, increasing the risk for the development of diseases. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that causes an unfavorable intrauterine environment, but there is little understanding about the exact range of tolerance of adaptive responses. It is known that diseases manifest themselves when the nutrients of the postnatal environment are considerably different from those to which the fetus was exposed in the intrauterine environment. Therefore, considering that there may be a parallel with the current human situation, in which children of diabetic mothers can be exposed to the excess fat diet in postnatal life, the objective of this study was to evaluate how the fusion of these two unfavorable conditions intrauterine and postnatal inadequacy) influences the glycemic and immunological profile of the rats. To obtain parental generation, rats of the Sprague-dawley strain received subcutaneous injection of Streptozotocin (70 mg / kg) on the 5th day postnatal and the diabetes was confirmed with the oral glucose tolerance test (TOTG) at the 75th day of life. At 90 days of life, the rats were mated to obtain the offspring, which were distributed in the experimental groups: Fcont DP - offspring from control mothers fed with standard diet, Fcont DHL - offspring from control mothers fed with high-fat diet, Fdmod DP - offspring from diabetic mothers fed standard diet and Fdmod DHL - offspring from diabetic mothers fed a high-fat diet. At 115 days of life the TOTG was again performed for glycemic evaluation and at 120 days the rats were anesthetized and decapted for collection and processing of blood for oxidative stress analysis and corticosterone, insulin and complete leukogram dosage. In the complete leukogram, the Fdmod (DP and DHL) groups showed a decrease in total leukocytes in relation to Fcont DP. The number of segmented neutrophils showed a decrease in the Fdmod DP group compared to the Fcont DP group. There was also a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the Fdmod DHL group compared to the Fcont DP and Fcont DHL groups. The Fdmod (DP and DHL) rats showed increased glycemia in the TOTG compared to their control subjects, and this increase was more pronounced in the Fdmod DHL group. All animals presented an increase in the area on the curve in relation to Fcont DP. The concentration of TBARS was lower in the Fdmod DHL group than in the Fcont DP group. The groups that received a high-fat diet had lower corticosterone concentrations when compared to the Fcont DP group. Insulin concentrations were lower at moments 0 and 120 min in the Fdmod DHL rats and a decrease in the HOMA-IR index was observed in these animals. The association between the unfavorable intrauterine environment and the high-fat diet was able to produce glycemic and immunological changes in the animals.