Produtividade, partição de biomassa e nutrientes em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta

Abstract

This dissertation is divided into two chapters, which represent a sequence of phases of the study developed. In the first chapter a review of literature on the subject of work is presented. The second chapter describes the steps carried out in the study. The treatments evaluated were planted forest, crop, pasture, crop-livestock-forest integration system and two reference areas, with native forest and fallow. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Sinop / MT, at Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril. Evaluations were made in the forest component such as biomass and physiological variables such as specific leaf area (AFE), total leaf area (AFT) and leaf area index (LAI) and shade projection on the agricultural crop (soybean). In the agricultural component, the analyzed variables were AFE, leaf dry mass, LAI, CO2 net assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, vapor pressure deficit, chlorophyll index and soybean agronomic characteristics. Soil sampling was carried out by soil samples at different depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm) for chemical analysis, total organic and inorganic phosphorus was determined. Phosphorus (Mehlich-1), remaining phosphorus, pH, potassium, calcium, magnesium, base sum and base saturation (V%). Litter and vegetable residues were quantified in the treatments to determine the amount of nutrients left in the system. In the different compartments (soybean and eucalyptus leaves, soybean grains, residues and litter) the macro and micronutrient contents were quantified. The ILPF system, in the fourth year after implantation, undergoes changes in the physiological variables in the system due to the shading caused by the trees and the chemical characteristics of the soil, the greater contribution of nutrients in the plant residues and litter in the ILPF can increase in the long term the Efficiency in the use of nutrients in the system.