Análise espaço–temporal da ilha de calor urbana superficial em Várzea Grande - MT

Abstract

The expansion and development of cities and their densification imply climate changes that influence thermal comfort, air quality, energy consumption, noise pollution, among others. Due to the characteristics and properties of its elements, there is a tendency for the temperature to rise in the central and dense areas of cities compared to surrounding areas. When this phenomenon is observed from the Earth's Surface Temperature (TST) it receives the name of Superficial Urban Heat Island (ICUS). Várzea Grande is the second most populous city in Mato Grosso and has the third largest economy, being an important commercial and industrial center in the state. Due to its accelerated growth in recent years, it can be affected by ICUS. This work has as its general objective the spacetime analysis of the ICUS for the city of Várzea Grande – MT, using Landsat 5 and Landsat 9 satellite images. For this study, land use maps were generated using satellite images for the years de 1985, 1992, 2003, 2011 and 2022. With the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) the quality of the chosen images was verified in relation to the presence of clouds over the study area, supervised classification of land use in five classes and a methodology was defined for the use of satellite images to obtain the Surface Temperature (TS) and ICUS, obtaining a difference of 7.5 ºC between the average TS of the rural area and the maximum TS of the study area , for the year 2022. The Exposed Soil and Built-up Area classes of locations have the highest TS in relation to other classes. The results obtained can be used in the planning and implementation of improvements that mitigate the effects of ICUS in urban locations.