Epidemiologia e fatores de risco da brucelose em profissionais e acadêmicos de medicina veterinária na região Médio-Norte Mato-Grossense

Abstract

Brucellosis is an important zoonosis caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella (Brucellaceae). Brucella abortus has bovine and buffalo as its natural reservoir, it is the main etiological agent of brucellosis in them and man is accidentally affected. This zoonosis has high morbidity and low mortality; however, it is a public health problem, as professional groups such as veterinarians, milkers, livestock keepers, slaughterhouse workers and dairy industries, acquire brucellosis relatively frequently. The present study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti - Brucella abortus antibodies in Veterinary Medicine students at the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) - Sinop campus and Veterinary Physicians in the mid-north region of Mato Grosso, as well as the risk factors associated with its transmission. The study was carried out at the Federal University of Mato Grosso - Sinop campus, where students from the Veterinary Medicine course, Resident Veterinary Physicians, Graduate Students and Veterinary Physicians working in the mid-north region of Mato Grosso were evaluated. Blood samples were collected from the participants to assess the frequency of antiBrucella abortus antibodies and sent to the Infectious Diseases Laboratory at UFMT Campus Sinop, where the samples were processed. The blood samples collected underwent indirect diagnostic methods, based on the detection of antibodies. The analysis of risk factors associated with infection by B. abortus was carried out through a questionnaire, which assessed aspects such as eating habits, contact with animals, activities inherent to the profession, during and after the Veterinary Medicine course, including laboratory ones. and vaccination against bovine brucellosis. This is an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study, in which the results were evaluated through the analysis of the chi-square association by Fisher's exact test and for the identification of factors associated with the reagents for antiBrucella abortus, it was carried out crude analysis using Poisson regression. Of the 213 volunteers who underwent serodiagnosis for Brucellosis, seven individuals were tested for the Buffered Acidified Antigen (AAT) test, mostly autonomous veterinarians (40.3%), male (85.7%) and with a range predominant age of 18 to 25 years (42.9%). The variable “Frequent Laboratory that diagnoses Brucellosis” (p = 0.028) was the only variable that remained significant after regression. It was concluded the lack of preparation and responsibility of some professionals when exercising the profession, not fulfilling the basics: protecting themselves and helping others to do the same, putting their health at risk and that of the population in general.