Efeitos de dois protocolos fisioterapêuticos no alívio da dor no puerpério imediato : um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract

In the immediate puerperium, the woman undergoes physiological changes that generate complaints of pain and discomfort, limiting the execution of her self-care activities and baby care. The role of the physiotherapist can reduce pain, making it easier for women to have more positive experiences about the immediate puerperium. Objective: Evaluate and compare the effects of a physiotherapeutic treatment protocol consisting of kinesiotherapy and abdominal massage with TENS treatment in pain relief in the immediate puerperium of vaginal deliveries. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was carried out. Participants were 60 puerperal women undergoing vaginal delivery, under a period of hospitalization in a public hospital, 30 puerperal women were randomized to group 1 and 30 to group 2. The research was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, the puerperal profile characterization form was applied to collect identification data, obstetric and medical data and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (BrMPQ) to characterize pain. In the second stage, the treatment was applied, group 1 received a treatment consisting of diaphragmatic re-education, circulatory movements, abdominal recruitment, activation of the pelvic floor muscles, abdominal massage and walking. Group 2 received treatment with TENS current, in the conventional mode, frequency of 100Hz and pulse duration of 75μs, the intensity was controlled by the puerperal woman for 40 minutes. In the third stage, the McGill Pain Questionnaire (BrMPQ) was applied again. Results: It was verified by the Wilcoxon test that there was pain relief in the puerperal women in groups 1 and 2, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.01). When comparing the treatments, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: It can be stated that treatment with kinesiotherapy and TENS are effective in relieving pain in the immediate puerperium. It is noteworthy that the evaluation of the methods was carried out immediately after the treatment, therefore, it is recommended that further studies be carried out in order to verify which treatment offers a more lasting effect.