Efeito de uma dieta rica em açúcar sobre o estresse oxidativo e inflamação cardiorrenal na cirrose hepática

Abstract

Liver cirrhosis is considered the main chronic liver disease, the 14th leading cause of death worldwide and has a high prevalence in the Brazilian population. It is a disease characterized by the replacement of the liver structure by abnormal nodules surrounded by fibrosis. The liver changes present in cirrhosis lead to damage to the cardiovascular and renal systems, which can lead to cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and hepatorenal syndrome. Furthermore, it is a catabolic condition where cirrhotic patients have low energy intake and higher energy expenditure at rest, leading to metabolic dysfunctions and worsening of the clinical picture. Studies have shown that nutritional supplementation with sufficient energy intake significantly improves the survival of cirrhotic patients. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effect of a sucroserich diet on oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart and kidney of animals with thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis. To carry out the study we used male Wistar rats, which we divided into three groups: Control (C); Thioacetamide (TAA) and Thioacetamide+Sugar (TAA+A). Induction of liver cirrhosis was performed by administering thioacetamide, a drug with hepatotoxic effect, at a dose of 100 mg/kg twice a week intraperitoneally (i.p) for 8 weeks. Sugar was offered in the drinking water at a concentration of 300 g/L daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the heart and kidney were removed for analysis. Among the analyses, evaluation of some parameters of cardiac and renal oxidative stress and quantification of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) were performed. Our results showed that the administration of TAA modified liver histological aspects, demonstrating the success in inducing liver cirrhosis in the animal. We saw that the high sugar diet increased weight gain and the accumulation of body fat in cirrhotic animals. As for the molecular analysis, we verified an increase in oxidative stress in the heart and kidney of cirrhotic animals, demonstrated by the increase in TBARs and carbonyl proteins in the kidney and the increase in carbonyl proteins and a decrease in GST, SOD and catalase in the heart. Offering a diet rich in sucrose decreases both TBARs and carbonyl proteins in the kidney, without altering the oxidative parameters in the heart. Regarding cytokines, treatment with TAA decreased the concentrations of IL 1β and IL-10 in the kidney, and sugar supplementation increased these two cytokines measured. In the heart, we did not observe differences in the concentrations of IL-10 and IL-1β, however the use of sugar decreased these two parameters. Therefore, we saw that in liver cirrhosis induced by TAA there is less weight and body fat gain, in addition to increased oxidative stress in the heart and kidney, without changing the inflammatory state in these organs, and sugar supplementation ameliorated the catabolic condition of cirrhosis, oxidative parameters and IL-10 levels only in the kidney.