Efeito do FTO rs9939609 sobre a ingestão de macronutrientes e de vitaminas em mulheres com obesidade

Abstract

FTO (fat mass and obesity) gene polymorphisms have been associated with a preference for energy-dense foods. The present study evaluated the effect of FTO gene variant 9939609 on macronutrient and vitamin intake in morbidly obese women. The study included 106 adult women (24 to 60 years old), obese (BMI from 36.1 to 64.8 kg/m2 ), candidates for metabolic surgery, treated at the Hospital Metropolitano de Várzea Grande-MT. Blood samples were collected for genotyping. Anthropometric data and biochemical tests were obtained from the patients' medical records. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was applied to the population of Cuiabá to obtain information on food intake. The nutritional quality index (IQN) was used to assess the adequacy of macronutrient and vitamin intake. The intake of energy, proteins and lipids, as well as the energy consumption/recommended energy ratio for age were higher in carriers of the A allele compared to TT homozygotes in the younger age groups, but were similar in the class of individuals aged ≥ 45 years. Diet protein density and IQN for protein were higher in carriers of the A allele compared to carriers of the TT genotype. The IQNs for proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins B2, B3 and B6 reduced, while the IQN for vitamin C increased with advancing age. The IQN for vitamin A was lower in AA homozygotes compared to TT, regardless of age. The IQN for vitamin E was the lowest among all evaluated, being higher in the youngest AA homozygotes (≤ 37 years) compared to the oldest (≥ 45 years). The IQN for vitamin B9 was also higher in younger women (≤ 37 years) compared to older women (38 to 44 years and ≥ 45 years). Therefore, the FTO gene contributed to the intake of foods denser in energy, proteins and lipids and interfered with the consumption of vitamins B9, A and E. With the exception of vitamin A, the effect of the genotype was attenuated with aging.