Expressões numéricas e suas abordagens em livros didáticos de matemática do 6º ano do ensino fundamental

Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate the approach to the content of numerical expressions by textbooks of mathematics of the 6th year of Elementary School, adopted by a state school of Cuiaba-MT for of years 2011-2013. To accomplish this goal we analyze two volumes of textbooks adopted by it in view of the introduction of this content as a technique of arithmetic, which contains signals for operation and association, and approach the numerical expressions presented in two volumes. Our research is a qualitative study of interpretative analysis because we believe to be the most consistent option to our theme. As a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of books used the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (TAD), specifically the praxeologies proposed by Chevallard (1999), which through the study of mathematics organization focusing the analysis on the types of tasks and techniques that include content of numerical expressions with natural numbers . Data were collected through document analysis. Regarding the didactic organization the two books introduce the numerical expressions from problem situations, both seek historical aspects of mathematics and found a relatively large number of images, graphs and tables. The calculator feature is also explored in both volumes. The praxeological analysis was divided into two kinds of mathematical organization. In the first type, we discuss how we approached the concept of numerical expression, and the second kind, numerical expressions with four operations. Expected to contribute to reflections on the approach of the content of numeric expressions with natural numbers, and bring the contents taught in school and used by the students in their daily lives.